Sector
900–1,500 °C
Steel
Hydrogen and high-grade heat for direct-reduced iron, without a blast furnace and without gas.
1.9 t
CO₂ avoided per tonne of steel
55 kt
hydrogen a year
2.4 Mt
steel per plant
Making steel from iron ore today means burning coke in a blast furnace. The clean route, direct reduction with hydrogen, needs huge amounts of cheap, steady electricity and heat.
A Halvard plant runs solid-oxide electrolysers on its own 700 °C steam, which cuts the electricity per kilo of hydrogen by a third. The hot blanket salt preheats the ore.
One plant supplies enough hydrogen for 2.4 million tonnes of steel a year, about the output of a large integrated works.
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